manual excavation meaning in English

人工开挖
人工挖土方

The paper analyzes the effect of three cultivation measures of contour cropping , manual excavation and manual hoeing to the reduction of run - off energy and erosion based on office artificial rainfall testing
摘要在室内人工降雨试验的基础上，分析了等高耕作、人工掏挖和人工锄耕3项耕作措施对径流能量的削减作用和减蚀作用。
The paper draws some valuable conclusions : the limited bearing capacity of manual excavation filling pile is much higher than the limited bearing capacity of machine drilled filling pile ; through grouting injection around the pile shaft , the pile bearing capacity can be effectively improved ; proportion of resistance force around the pile side in total load is much larger than that of pressure on the pile tip , and the intensity of resistance force around the pile side is 30 - 50kpa on average
得出一些有价值的结论：人工挖孔灌注桩的极限承载力明显高于钻孔灌注桩的极限承载力；地下水位对桩基承载力有显著影响；利用桩侧注浆可有效提高桩的承载力；桩侧摩阻力所占总荷载的比例远大于桩底压力，桩侧土的摩阻强度平均值为30 50kpa 。